Amphibious Land Vehicles
Amphibious Land Vehicles were used in World War Two because they could drive on land and in the water. These all terrain vehicles were used by the American troops in the invasion of Normandy on D-Day. The Amphibious Land Vehicles could carry twelve men on land and twelve men in the water normally, but in case of an emergency could carry twenty-one men. On land it could reach speeds of up to sixty miles per hour. In water, it could reach up to six and a half miles per hour.
It is called the Amphibious Land Vehicle because it could travel on land and in the water, like an amphibian. It was manufactured by the car company GMC, and invented by Rod Stevens. These vehicles were crucial on D-Day because troops used them to climb on the shores of Normandy. The soldiers were ready for attack immediately instead of having to hesitate and move into separate tanks. The vehicles easily slid through deep mud puddles without getting stuck. They were not only used for D-Day combat, but also for transporting wounded soldiers and cargo.
Amphibious Land Vehicles were used in World War Two because they could drive on land and in the water. These all terrain vehicles were used by the American troops in the invasion of Normandy on D-Day. The Amphibious Land Vehicles could carry twelve men on land and twelve men in the water normally, but in case of an emergency could carry twenty-one men. On land it could reach speeds of up to sixty miles per hour. In water, it could reach up to six and a half miles per hour.
It is called the Amphibious Land Vehicle because it could travel on land and in the water, like an amphibian. It was manufactured by the car company GMC, and invented by Rod Stevens. These vehicles were crucial on D-Day because troops used them to climb on the shores of Normandy. The soldiers were ready for attack immediately instead of having to hesitate and move into separate tanks. The vehicles easily slid through deep mud puddles without getting stuck. They were not only used for D-Day combat, but also for transporting wounded soldiers and cargo.
Atomic Bomb
The atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki took many years of planning and over $2 billion dollars. The lead engineers in the making of the atomic bombs, called the Manhattan Project, were Robert Oppenheimer and Enrico Fermi. Enrico Fermi constructed the first successful nuclear reactor in December 1942. The first sustained artificial nuclear chain reaction, also known as the “Trinity Test,” was a pre-test explosion that was conducted in May, 1945.
In July, 1945, the members of the Manhattan project successfully detonated an atom bomb that had the force of 20 kilotons of TNT. On August 6, 1945, Col. Paul Tibbets, flying the B-29 Superfortress airplane, The Enola Gay, and carrying the atomic bomb nicknamed “Little Boy” left for Hiroshima. At approximately 8:15 a.m., “Little Boy” exploded about 1900 feet above Hiroshima with the force of about 13-15 kilotons of TNT. The force of the blast leveled the city killing between 70,000-80,000 and wounding about 70,000 more.
The atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki took many years of planning and over $2 billion dollars. The lead engineers in the making of the atomic bombs, called the Manhattan Project, were Robert Oppenheimer and Enrico Fermi. Enrico Fermi constructed the first successful nuclear reactor in December 1942. The first sustained artificial nuclear chain reaction, also known as the “Trinity Test,” was a pre-test explosion that was conducted in May, 1945.
In July, 1945, the members of the Manhattan project successfully detonated an atom bomb that had the force of 20 kilotons of TNT. On August 6, 1945, Col. Paul Tibbets, flying the B-29 Superfortress airplane, The Enola Gay, and carrying the atomic bomb nicknamed “Little Boy” left for Hiroshima. At approximately 8:15 a.m., “Little Boy” exploded about 1900 feet above Hiroshima with the force of about 13-15 kilotons of TNT. The force of the blast leveled the city killing between 70,000-80,000 and wounding about 70,000 more.
Firebombing
Firebombing is to attack or destroy something with a bomb which causes a fire. Firebombing is used for ambushing an enemy. It is useful, yet deadly. It is over 1,500 degrees. A firebomb is over 1,478 tons of high explosives.
On February 13, 1945 a series of Allied firebombing raids begins against the German city of Dresden. It was the most destructive bombing of the war. More than 3,400 tons of explosive were dropped on the city by 800 American and British aircrafts. The firestorm created by the two days of bombing set the city burning for many more days. Everything was turned into corpses.
Firebombing is to attack or destroy something with a bomb which causes a fire. Firebombing is used for ambushing an enemy. It is useful, yet deadly. It is over 1,500 degrees. A firebomb is over 1,478 tons of high explosives.
On February 13, 1945 a series of Allied firebombing raids begins against the German city of Dresden. It was the most destructive bombing of the war. More than 3,400 tons of explosive were dropped on the city by 800 American and British aircrafts. The firestorm created by the two days of bombing set the city burning for many more days. Everything was turned into corpses.
National Research Defense Committee
When World War II began, Vannevar Bush, the president of the Carnegie Foundation, wanted the government to gather up the science forces together for a war that would most likely involve the US. He found other science administrators in the capital and told them he would take full responsibility in persuading Roosevelt to agree on a national science organization. Bush became good friends with one of Roosevelt's advisers, Harry Hopkins. After he got the project of the armed forces and science agencies well thought through, he met up with Hopkins and Roosevelt. Since the fall of France was on everyone's mind, it was easy for Bush to get Roosevelt's approval.
Roosevelt approved the establishment of the scientific community in June 1940. The National Defense Research Committee, with Bush as the leader, reorganized the Uranium Committee into a scientific body and took out military membership. The National Defense Research Committee was dependent on military for funds because they had more impact and access to money for nuclear research. Bush blocked foreign-born scientists from committee membership and blocked the publicity of articles on uranium research. Also, funding for continued research into uranium isotope separation and chain reactions was approved for the remainder of 1940.
When World War II began, Vannevar Bush, the president of the Carnegie Foundation, wanted the government to gather up the science forces together for a war that would most likely involve the US. He found other science administrators in the capital and told them he would take full responsibility in persuading Roosevelt to agree on a national science organization. Bush became good friends with one of Roosevelt's advisers, Harry Hopkins. After he got the project of the armed forces and science agencies well thought through, he met up with Hopkins and Roosevelt. Since the fall of France was on everyone's mind, it was easy for Bush to get Roosevelt's approval.
Roosevelt approved the establishment of the scientific community in June 1940. The National Defense Research Committee, with Bush as the leader, reorganized the Uranium Committee into a scientific body and took out military membership. The National Defense Research Committee was dependent on military for funds because they had more impact and access to money for nuclear research. Bush blocked foreign-born scientists from committee membership and blocked the publicity of articles on uranium research. Also, funding for continued research into uranium isotope separation and chain reactions was approved for the remainder of 1940.
P-51 Mustang
The P-51 Mustang was a long range American plane used during WWII. It was a single seat fighter plane and bomber and was designed by the NAA (the North American Aviation). It was made for British use for the British Air Force but was used by America when it joined the war. A contract was signed between Britain and the United States in April 1940 to manufacture the Curtis P-40 for the RAF (the Royal Air Force). The NAA decided to make a whole new plane.
The P-51 Mustang was a long range American plane used during WWII. It was a single seat fighter plane and bomber and was designed by the NAA (the North American Aviation). It was made for British use for the British Air Force but was used by America when it joined the war. A contract was signed between Britain and the United States in April 1940 to manufacture the Curtis P-40 for the RAF (the Royal Air Force). The NAA decided to make a whole new plane.
Proximity Fuse
The proximity fuse was developed by a group of scientists at the Applied Physics Laboratory of John Hopkins University. It was connected to anti-aircraft shells and designed to explode when they came within seventy-five feet of its target. Proximity fuses were the secret weapon of the war. Before, soldiers were used to firing so many rounds before making a successful hit. The proximity fuses allowed them to decrease fire, so they can bring down a target as little as fifty to sixty rounds.
During the Battle of the Bulge, General Patton's men were armed with weapons carrying the new proximity fuses. The victorious American force devastated the German offensive. The aerial assault was also successful. The proximity fuse launched and created shrapnel by detonating just above the surface. The proximity fuse was a success.
The proximity fuse was developed by a group of scientists at the Applied Physics Laboratory of John Hopkins University. It was connected to anti-aircraft shells and designed to explode when they came within seventy-five feet of its target. Proximity fuses were the secret weapon of the war. Before, soldiers were used to firing so many rounds before making a successful hit. The proximity fuses allowed them to decrease fire, so they can bring down a target as little as fifty to sixty rounds.
During the Battle of the Bulge, General Patton's men were armed with weapons carrying the new proximity fuses. The victorious American force devastated the German offensive. The aerial assault was also successful. The proximity fuse launched and created shrapnel by detonating just above the surface. The proximity fuse was a success.
Tizard Mission
The Tizard Mission was a mission where Britain made a deal with the United States in which Britain would give the U.S. its war-time secrets for research and productive capacity. At first, the answer was no, but after France fell to Germany, the U.S. agreed. The members chosen for the mission arrived in the U.S. in early September 1940. The members were Sir Henry Tizard (leader), Bridgadier F.C. Wallace, and Captain H.W Faulkner. Group Captain F.L. Pearce, Professor John Cockcroft, Dr. E.G. Bowen, and A.E. Woodward Nutt were also part of the mission.
All of the recent technological advances in Britain were given to the U.S. Nothing was kept a secret. The most significant advance, a sample of the first production magnetrons, was kept under close surveillance in London. When all the information from the British was given to the U.S., it had to live up to its side of the deal. This lead to the development of the radar. The U.S. gave Britain demonstrations of their recent equipment. However, it soon became clear that the U.S.’ advancements very closely matched those of Britain’s.
The Tizard Mission was a mission where Britain made a deal with the United States in which Britain would give the U.S. its war-time secrets for research and productive capacity. At first, the answer was no, but after France fell to Germany, the U.S. agreed. The members chosen for the mission arrived in the U.S. in early September 1940. The members were Sir Henry Tizard (leader), Bridgadier F.C. Wallace, and Captain H.W Faulkner. Group Captain F.L. Pearce, Professor John Cockcroft, Dr. E.G. Bowen, and A.E. Woodward Nutt were also part of the mission.
All of the recent technological advances in Britain were given to the U.S. Nothing was kept a secret. The most significant advance, a sample of the first production magnetrons, was kept under close surveillance in London. When all the information from the British was given to the U.S., it had to live up to its side of the deal. This lead to the development of the radar. The U.S. gave Britain demonstrations of their recent equipment. However, it soon became clear that the U.S.’ advancements very closely matched those of Britain’s.